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What is This...Brain Surgery?

Glossary

         Accessible                                               Alterations                                              Ambulance

         Amputation                                              Ancillary                                                  Anesthesia, General

         Anesthesia, Local                                   Anesthesiologist                                   Antibiotic

         Anticonvulsants                                       Artery                                                      Benign

         Biopsy                                                        Brain                                                      Brainstem

         Brain Tumor                                              Broca's Area                                         Cancer

         Carotid                                                       Cell                                                         Central Nervous System (CNS)

         Cerebral                                                    Cerebrospinal Fluid/Spinal Fluid      Cerebellum

         Cerebrum                                                  Circulating Nurse                                 Clinical Engineering

         Clinical Nurse Specialist                        Condition                                               Conscious

         Corpus Callosum                                     Cortex                                                    Craniotomy

         CT or CAT Scan                                        Cyst                                                       Dendrite

         Dexterity                                                     Diagnosis                                              Digital

         Edema                                                        EEG, Electroencephalogram            EKG, Electrocardiogram (ECG)

         Electrode                                                    Eloquent                                               Emergency Room (ER)

         Endoscope                                                 Frontal Lobe                                        Glia (Neuroglia)

         Gray Matter                                                 Hemisphere                                        Herniation

         Hormone                                                     Hydrocephalus                                   Infection

         Infectious Disease                                     Intern                                                    Internist

         Intraventricular bleed                                Intubation                                             Invasive

         IV, Intravenous                                           Kinesthesia                                          Laser

         Learning                                                      Left Brain                                              Localize

         Macroscopic                                               Malignant                                              Manipulate

         Medical History                                          Melatonin                                              Membrane

         Memory                                                       Mental                                                    Microscopic

         Minimally Invasive Surgery                     Mini-Mental Test                                   Motor Cortex

         MRI Scan                                                    Nanobot                                                 Necrosis

         Nerves                                                         Nervous System                                   Network

         Neurocysticerous                                      Neurodegenerative                              Neurological Exam

         Neurologist                                                  Neuro Monitor Tech                             Neuron

         Neuro-Oncologist                                       Neuropathologist                                 Neuropsychologist

         Neurosurgeon                                             Neurotransmitter                                  Numbness

         Nurse Practitioner                                       Occipital Lobe                                      Occupational Therapist

         Optics (Optical)                                            Organic                                                  Outcome(s)

         Paramedic                                                    Parietal Lobe                                        Pathologist

         Perception                                                    Pet Scan                                                Phantom Limb

         Pharmacist                                                    Physiatrist                                              Physical Exam

         Physical Therapist                                       Physician's Assistant                           Physiological

         Pineal Gland                                                 Pituitary Gland                                      Plaque, Arterial

         Preoperative                                                  Pressure                                                Primary Brain Tumor

         Prognosis                                                      Radiology Technician                          Registered Nurse

         Rehabilitation                                               Resident                                                  Right Brain

         Robot (Robotic)                                            Scalp                                                       Scalpel

         Seizure                                                           Sensory Cortex                                     Simulation

         Skull                                                                Social Worker                                        Spinal Chord

         Stabilize                                                         Stem Cells                                              Stereotactic

         Sterilization                                                    Stroke                                                      Stroop Effect

         Subarachnoid Hemorrhage                        Subdural Hematoma                           Surgical Tech

         Symptoms                                                      Temporal Lobe                                      Thinking

         Tissue                                                              Transgenic                                            Trauma

         Treatment                                                       Tremor                                                    Ultrasound

         Unconscious                                                  Vascular                                                 Vision

         Wernicke's Area                                             White Matter                                                        


Accessible: Accessible refers to tumors that can be approached by a surgical procedure; tumors that are not deep in the brain or beneath vital structures. Inaccessible tumors cannot be approached by standard surgical techniques.
Alterations: This is to make different without changing into something else, modifications.
Ambulance: A vehicle for transporting sick or injured people, to, from or between places of treatment for an illness or injury.
Amputation: A surgical removal of all or part of a limb.
Ancillary: Ancillary is of secondary importance.
Anesthesia, General: Drugs administered intravenously or through inhaled gasses that prevent a patient from remembering or feeling anything during a medical procedure. The 'sleep' the patient experiences under general anesthesia is not the same as regular sleep since memories are not typically formed nor pain signals felt.
Anesthesia, Local (topical anesthetics): This group of medicines is used to temporarily deaden the nerves in the skin to prevent pain or itching. Local anesthesia does not cause unconsciousness or 'sleep' in the patient.
Anesthesiologist: A physician trained in administering anesthetics and caring for people who are anesthetized. Anesthetics are drugs or agents used during surgery to prevent the sense of pain. Local anesthesia numbs a small area; general anesthesia produces unconsciousness.
Antibiotic A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms.
Anticonvulsants: A medication used to control (prevent) seizures (convulsions) or stop an ongoing series of seizures.
Artery (arterial - having to do with arteries): A vessel that carries blood high in oxygen content away from the heart to the farthest reaches of the body.
Benign: Benign is not malignant, or not cancerous.
Biopsy: A biopsy is an examination of a small amount of tissue taken from the patient's body to make a diagnosis.
Brain The brain is the center of the nervous system in all animals - vertebrate (having backbones or spinal columns) and most invertebrate. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell.
Brainstem The brainstem is the earliest part of our brain to evolve - home of involuntary functions such as swallowing, breathing,...your heartbeat.
Brain Tumor An abnormal growth located in the brain. Tumors may be benign or malignant by cell type, or life-threatening (malignant) by their location.
Broca's Area: Broca's area is a region of the brain responsible for speech production.
Cancer: Malignant tissue that is invasive, destroys healthy tissue, and tends to spread to distant locations.
Carotid The carotid artery and the area near that key artery which is located in the front of the neck and through which blood from the heart goes to the brain.
Cell: The basic structural and functional unit in people and all living things. Each cell is a small container of chemicals and water wrapped in a membrane.
Central Nervous System (CNS): The CNS pertains to the brain, cranial nerves and spinal cord. It does not include muscles or peripheral nerves.
Cerebral: Cerebral is having to do with the cerebellum.
Cerebrospinal Fluid/Spinal Fluid: The clear fluid made in the ventricular cavities of the brain that bathes the brain and spinal cord.
Cerebellum: The portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the brain stem. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing and other complex motor functions or coordination.
Cerebrum: The largest area of the brain, the cerebrum occupies the uppermost part of the skull. It consists of two halves called hemispheres. Each half of the cerebrum is further divided into four lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital.
Circulating Nurse: A registered nurse who makes preparations for an operation and continually monitors the patient and staff during its course, who works in the operating room outside the sterile field in which the operation takes place, and who records the progress of the operation, accounts for the instruments, and handles specimens.
Clinical Engineering: A specialty within Biomedical engineering responsible primarily for applying and implementing medical technology to optimize healthcare delivery.
Clinical Nurse Specialist: A registered nurse with an advanced degree in a particular area of patient care; e.g., neurosurgery clinical nurse specialist.
Condition: An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition."
Conscious: To be conscious is to have an awareness of one's environment and one's own existence, sensations, and thoughts.
Corpus Callosum: The arched bridge of nervous tissue that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication.
Cortex The outer portion of an organ. The outer portion of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex (a key part of the brain). The cortex is in contrast to the inner portion of the organ which is called the medulla. There is the medulla oblongata of the brain.
Craniotomy: Surgery performed on the skull where a portion of bone is removed to gain access to the brain, and the bone is put back in its place.
CT or CAT Scan: Computerized Axial Tomography. This is an x-ray imaging technique that produces images of the brain or other parts of the body in cross section. A typical x-ray is a flat picture of the body, similar to a photograph. The CT scan is an x-ray unit that rotates around the body and uses a powerful computer to produce many cross-sectional views of the organ being scanned. A special dye material may be injected into the patient's vein prior to the scan to help make any abnormal tissue more evident.
Cyst: A cyst is a fluid-filled mass usually enclosed by a membrane.
Dendrite: Dendrite is a slender branching process that extends from the cell body of a neuron and that is capable of being stimulated by a neurotransmitter. Each neuron usually possesses several dendrites, which receive synapses where chemical transmission occurs from axons to dendrites. The number of dendrites and thus the number of synapses varies with the functions of a neuron.
Dexterity: Dexterity is skill and grace in physical movement, especially in the use of the hands; adroitness.
Diagnosis: The act or process of identifying or determining the nature and cause of a disease or injury through evaluation of patient history, examination, and review of laboratory data and the opinion derived from such an evaluation.
Digital: Digital is relating to or being a device that can generate, record, process, receive, transmit, or display information that is represented in discrete numerical form (often computer related).
Edema: Edema is swelling due to an excess of water.
EEG, Electroencephalogram: A technique for studying the electrical current within the brain, brain function evaluation.
EKG, Electrocardiogram (ECG): A test that records the electrical activity of the heart, heart function evaluation.
Electrode: A conductor or medium by which an electric current is conducted to or from any medium, such as a cell, body, solution, or apparatus.
Eloquent This refers to those areas of the brain which control speech, motor functions and senses.
Emergency Room (ER) A room in a hospital or clinic staffed and equipped to provide emergency care to persons requiring immediate medical treatment.
Endoscope: An optic instrument inserted through an incision.
Frontal Lobe: The part of each hemisphere of the brain located behind the forehead that serves to regulate and mediate the higher intellectual functions. The frontal lobes have intricate connections to other areas of the brain. In the frontal lobes, we meld emotions, cognition, error detection, volition, a sense of self, and more to create our social brain.
Glia (Neuroglia): Glia are supportive tissue of the brain. Glial cells do not conduct electrical impulses, as opposed to neurons.
Gray Matter: Gray matter, the "thinking brain", appears gray because it is composed of numerous nerve cells and blood vessels. The outer layer of the cerebrum - the cerebral cortex, and areas deep within the brain - the basal ganglia, are made up of gray matter. (See White Matter.)
Hemisphere: One of the halves of the cerebrum. The two cerebral hemispheres are divided by a deep longitudinal fissure and are connected medially at the bottom of the fissure by the corpus callosum. Prominent grooves, subdividing each hemisphere into four major lobes, are the central sulcus, the lateral fissure, and the parietooccipital fissure. Each hemisphere also has a fifth major lobe deep in the brain. The hemispheres consist of an external gray layer and an internal white matter that surrounds islands of gray matter called nuclei (the basal ganglia).
Herniation: A herniation is tissue bulging through an opening in a membrane, muscle or bone.
Hormone: The secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect.
Hydrocephalus: Hydro = water, cephalo = head. Excess water in the brain due to blockage of cerebrospinal fluid flow, increased production, or decreased absorption. Illusion: A perception that occurs when a sensory stimulus is present but is incorrectly perceived and misinterpreted, such as hearing the wind as someone crying. Everyone may occasionally experience an illusion.
Infection: An infection is the growth of a parasitic organism within the body. (A parasitic organism is one that lives on or in another organism and draws its nourishment there from.) A person with an infection has another organism (a "germ") growing within him, drawing its nourishment from the person. The term "infection" has some exceptions. For example, the normal growth of the usual bacterial flora in the intestinal tract is not usually considered an infection. The same consideration applies to the bacteria that normally inhabit the mouth.
Infectious Disease: A disease that is easily passed from one person to another; contagious disease.
Intern A medical doctor who has completed medical school and is in the first year of additional training.
Internist A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and medical treatment of adults. This specialty, called internal medicine, is dedicated to adult medicine. A minimum of seven years of medical school and postgraduate training are focused on learning the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of adults. Subspecialties of internal medicine include allergy and immunology, cardiology (heart), endocrinology (hormone disorders), hematology (blood disorders), infectious diseases, gastroenterology (diseases of the gut), nephrology (kidney diseases), oncology (cancer), pulmonology (lung disorders), and rheumatology (arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders).
Intraventricular bleed: An increase in blood flow may cause small blood vessels of the preventricular capillary network to burst. Premature babies are at risk for this.
Intubation: The process of putting a tube into a hollow organ or passageway, often into the airway. The opposite of intubation is extubation.
Invasive: Invasive is relating to a technique in which the body is entered by puncture or incision.
IV, Intravenous: Intravenous is within a vein. An intravenous fluid drip, a solution (usually a balanced electrolyte solution) administered directly into the venous circulation.
Kinesthesia: Kinesthesia is perception of body position, movement, and muscular tensions.
Laser: Laser is an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. It is a surgical tool that creates intense heat and power when focused at close range, destroying cells by vaporizing them.
Learning: Learning is the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill. It is also the knowledge or skill gained through schooling or study.
Left Brain: The left brain controls the right side of your body. It's logical, detail oriented, facts rule, words and language, present and past, math and science, can comprehend, knowing, acknowledges, order/pattern perception, knows object name, reality based, forms strategies, practical and safe.
Localize: Localize is to accumulate in or be restricted to a specific or limited area "an infection that localizes in the ear."
Macroscopic: Macroscopic is large enough to be seen with the naked eye, as opposed to microscopic. For example, a macroscopic tumor is big enough to be seen without the aid of a microscope.
Malignant: Malignant is cancerous or life-threatening, tending to become progressively worse.
Manipulate: Manipulate is to move, arrange, operate, or control by the hands or by mechanical means, especially in a skillful manner.
Medical History: The case history of a medical patient as recalled by the patient. (Case history is a detailed record of the background of a person or group under study or treatment.)
Melatonin: A hormone produced by the pineal gland, melatonin is intimately involved in regulating the sleeping and waking cycles, among other processes.
Membrane: A membrane is the thin layer of tissue covering a surface, lining a body cavity, or dividing a space or organ.
Memory: Memory is the ability to recover information about past events or knowledge.
Mental: Mental is pertaining to the mind.
Microscopic: Microscopic is so small it cannot be seen without the aid of microscope. As opposed to macroscopic (large enough to be seen with naked eye without magnification). A tiny tumor is microscopic while a big tumor is macroscopic.
Minimally Invasive Surgery: Minimally invasive surgery is done with only a small incision or no incision at all, such as through a cannula with a laparoscope or endoscope.
Mini-Mental Test: The Mini-Mental Test is a brief clinical test of mental status.
Motor Cortex: The motor cortex is a region of the cortex that carries out the initial processing of motor information in the brain; involved in the control of movement.
MRI Scan: Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A diagnostic test that uses magnetic fields instead of x-rays to produce two- or three-dimensional images of organs inside the body. This scan is especially useful for soft tissues such as the brain or spinal cord.
Nanobot: A very small autonomous robot, typically the size of a biological cell, designed to work alone or in very large numbers to achieve some task. Nanobots are not yet in practical use.
Necrosis: Necrosis are dead cells. This is a common feature of malignant tumors, including metastatic cancer to the brain and are caused either by lack of blood supply or irradiation.
Nerves: Nerves are a bundle of fibers that uses chemical and electrical signals to transmit sensory and motor information from one body part to another.
Nervous System: The nervous system is the entire integrated system of nerve tissue in the body: the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia.
Network: This is a series of points or nodes interconnected by communication paths.
Neurocysticerous: This is the most common parasite infestation of the nervous system.
Neurodegenerative (disorder): A chronic progressive neuropathy characterized by selective and generally symmetrical loss of neurons in motor, sensory, or cognitive systems. An example is Alzheimer's Disease.
Neurological Exam: A series of questions and tests to check brain, spinal cord, and nerve function. The exam checks a person's mental status, coordination, ability to walk, and how well the muscles, sensory systems, and deep tendon reflexes work. (Neuropsychological Examination or assessment: Tests and procedures employed in a neuropsychological examination vary as a function of: purpose of examination, neurological intactness of the examinee, and thoroughness of the examination. For a neuropsychological examination a battery of tests administered should include, at a minimum: Intelligence Tests, Personality Tests, and Perceptual-Motor / Memory Tests. Tests and assessment procedures assess various aspects of functioning including aspects of: Perceptual functioning, Motor functioning, Verbal functioning, Memory Functioning, and Cognitive Functioning. These tests are also used in screening for deficits and in adjunct to medical examinations.)
Neurologist: A neurologist is a medical doctor that specializes in the study of the brain, spinal cord and nervous system.
Neuro Monitor Tech: A Neuro Monitor Tech does pre-op, post-op, and intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring and maintains and stocks equipment.
Neuron: A neuron is a nerve cell; it conducts electrical signals.
Neuro-Oncologist: A physician who specializes in treating patients with brain tumors, and/or the consequences of cancer upon the nervous system. The physician may be a trained neurologist, oncologist or neurosurgeon.
Neuropathologist: A pathologist who establishes the diagnosis in diseases of the nervous system by careful microscopic examination of the tissue.
Neuropsychologist: A psychologist who specializes in ailments of the mind and mental processes caused by disease of the nervous system. The branch of psychology that deals with the relationship between the nervous system, especially the brain, and cerebral or mental functions such as language, memory, and perception.
Neurosurgeon: A Neurosurgeon is a surgeon specializing in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system that respond to surgical intervention.
Neurotransmitter: A chemical that is released from a nerve cell which thereby transmits an impulse from a nerve cell to another nerve, muscle, organ, or other tissue. A neurotransmitter is a messenger of neurologic information from one cell to another.
Numbness: Numb, or numbness is a loss of the sensation of feeling in an area of the body. Numbness results from damage to, or impaired function of, the nerves that supply the affected area.
Nurse Practitioner: This is a registered nurse with advanced training in a particular area of health care, e.g., pediatric nurse practitioners have additional education in the care of children.
Occipital Lobe: Occipital lobe is the portion of each cerebral hemisphere posterior to the parietal lobe where visual information is received and processing begins.
Occupational Therapist: This is an individual trained to help people manage the daily activities of living, such as dressing, grooming or cooking, and regaining vocational skills.
Optics (Optical): The science concerned with the properties of light, its refraction and absorption, and the refracting media of the eye.
Organic: Organic is of, relating to, or derived from living organisms.
Outcome(s): The condition of a patient at the end of therapy or a disease process, including the degree of wellness and the need for continuing care, medication, support, counseling, or education.
Paramedic:
Parietal Lobe: A portion of each cerebral hemisphere that occupies the parts of the lateral and medial surfaces that are covered by the parietal bone. It is concerned with language mechanisms and general sensory functions.
Pathologist: A doctor who identifies diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope.
Perception: This is the process by which people translate sensory impressions into a coherent and unified view of the world around them. Though necessarily based on incomplete and unverified (or unreliable) information, perception is 'the reality' and guides human behavior in general.
PET Scan: Positron Emission Tomography. A scanning device which uses low-dose radioactive sugar to measure brain activity. This is a limited-use diagnostic tool.
Phantom Limb: The perception of sensations, usually including pain, in an arm or leg after the limb has been amputated. The brain still gets messages from the nerves that originally carried impulses from the missing limb.
Pharmacist: An individual trained in preparing and dispensing medicines.
Physiatrist: A physician trained in rehabilitative medicine.
Physical Exam: A physical examination is an evaluation of the body and its functions using inspection, palpation (feeling with the hands), percussion (tapping with the fingers), and auscultation (listening). A complete health assessment also includes gathering information about a person's medical history and lifestyle, doing laboratory tests, and screening for disease.
Physical Therapist: An individual trained to assist people in restoring muscle function.
Physician's Assistant: A technician trained to administer certain procedures under the direct supervision of a physician.
Physiological: Physiological is pertaining to the functioning of an organ, as governed by the interactions between its physical and chemical conditions.
Pineal Gland: A small gland located deep within in the brain. It is believed to secrete melatonin, and may therefore be part of the body's sleep-regulation apparatus.
Pituitary Gland: The main endocrine gland. It is a small structure in the head. It is called the master gland because it produces hormones that control other glands and many body functions including growth.
Plaque, Arterial: This is a fatty deposit inside an arterial wall.
Preoperative: Preoperative (preop) is before surgery. As opposed to postoperative which is after surgery. pre (before), post (after), intra (within, inside)
Pressure: Pressure is an effect which occurs when a force is applied on a surface.
Primary Brain Tumor: When the original source of tumor is the brain rather than other areas of the body.
Prognosis: Prognosis is a forecast as to probable outcome.
Radiology Technician: This is an individual who takes x-rays and administers nonradioactive materials into patients' bloodstreams for diagnostic purposes.
Registered Nurse: A trained medical professional who assists people in health care under the direction of a physician.
Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation is the return of function after illness or injury, often with the assistance of specialized medical professionals.
Resident: A medical doctor who has completed medical school and internship, and is receiving training in a specialized area. Completion of a residency program is required for board certification in a medical or surgical specialty.
Right Brain: The right brain controls the left side of your body. It uses feeling, is "big picture" oriented, imagination rules, symbols and images, present and future, philosophy & religion, can "get it" (i.e. meaning), believes, appreciates, spatial perception, knows object function, fantasy based, presents possibilities, impetuous and risk taking.
Robot (Robotic): A robot is generally defined as a machine capable of sensing, thinking, or acting in a particular way.
Scalp: The scalp is the skin covering the top of the head.
Scalpel: A scalpel is a sharp, sterile knife used to during surgery to cut tissue.
Seizure: A seizure is uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain, which may produce a physical convulsion, minor physical signs, thought disturbances, or a combination of symptoms. The type of symptoms and seizures depend on where the abnormal electrical activity takes place in the brain, what its cause is, and such factors as the patient's age and general state of health. Seizures can be caused by head injuries, brain tumors, lead poisoning, maldevelopment of the brain, genetic and infectious illnesses, and fevers. In fully half of the patients with seizures, no cause can yet be found. Epilepsy is a seizure disorder.
Sensory Cortex: This formerly denoted specifically the somatic sensory cortex. The somatic sensory cortex is a region of the brain which is responsible for mediating the senses of touch and temperature and lies behind the central sulcus in the parietal lobe. (Now it can be used to refer collectively to the somatic sensory, auditory, visual, and olfactory regions of the cerebral cortex.)
SimulationSimulation is the act of imitating the behavior of some situation or some process by means of something suitably analogous (especially for the purpose of study).
SkullThe skull is the bony skeleton of the head.
Social WorkerThis is an individual, usually with a university degree in social work, who provides counsel and aid to individuals with emotional and family problems.
Spinal ChordThe spinal chord is the thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata down through the spinal column and from which the spinal nerves branch off to various parts of the body.
StabilizeStabilize is to make stable and keep from fluctuating or put into an equilibrium.
Stem CellsA stem cell is an unspecialized cell that gives rise to differentiated cells.
Stereotactic Stereotactic is precise positioning in three dimensional space. It refers to surgery or radiation therapy directed by various scanning devices.
Sterilization Sterilization is the process of destroying all microorganisms and their pathogenic products. It is accomplished by heat (wet steam under pressure at 120¡C for at least 45 minutes, or dry heat at 160-180¡C for 3 hours) or by bactericidal chemical compounds.
StrokeA stroke is when the blood vessel supplying the brain either blocks or bursts. This produces sudden unexpected brain injury and can sometimes be fatal.
Stroop Effect In psychology, the Stroop Effect is a demonstration of the reaction time of a task. When a word such as blue, green, red, etc. is printed in a color differing from the color expressed by the word's semantic value (e.g. the word "red" printed in blue ink), naming the color of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the meaning of the word is congruent with its ink color.
Subarachnoid HemorrhageThis is bleeding between the arachnoid membrane and the delicate membrane that covers the brain (pia mater). Common causes are head injury and aneurism.
Subdural HematomaThis is build-up of blood beneath the thickest membrane (meninges) that covers the brain, called the dura matter. It can be classified as acute, acute on chronic or chronic. The most common cause is head injury.
Surgical TechThis individual checks supplies and equipment needed fro procedure, sets up sterile lab table with instruments and equipment, performs appropriate counts with circulation prior to surgery and when operation is closed, gowns and gloves surgeons and assistants, passes instruments to surgeon during procedure, assists other members of team with terminal cleaning of the room, and preps room for next patient.
SymptomsSymptoms are signs or indications of disorder or disease, especially when experienced by an individual as a change from normal function, sensation, or appearance.
Temporal LobeThe lobe of each cerebral hemisphere lying to the side and rear of the frontal lobe. The temporal lobe controls hearing and some aspects of language perception, emotion, and memory.
ThinkingThinking is an internal mental process that uses data or information as input, integrates that information into previous learned material and results in either knowledge or nothing.
TissueTissue are a group of similar cells united to perform a specific function.
TransgenicTransgenic is having genetic material from another species. This term can be applied to an organism that has genes from another organism. It is understood that the foreign genes are in the transgenic animal's germ-cell DNA and so can be transmitted from one generation to the next.
TraumaTrauma is any injury, whether physically or emotionally inflicted. "Trauma" has both a medical and a psychiatric definition. Medically, "trauma" refers to a serious or critical bodily injury, wound, or shock. This definition is often associated with trauma medicine practiced in emergency rooms and represents a popular view of the term. In psychiatry, "trauma" has assumed a different meaning and refers to an experience that is emotionally painful, distressful, or shocking, which often results in lasting mental and physical effects.
TreatmentTreatment is care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury). Tremor Ultrasound Unconscious Vascular Vision Wernicke's Area White Matter




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